Share of global Climate Debt rank 19th, 20th and 21st: Oman, Netherlands and Turkey (combined responsible for 2.2% of Climate Debt and 1.7% of Fossil CO2 Emissions 2016)

Share of global Climate Debt rank 19th, 20th and 21st: Oman, Netherlands and Turkey (combined responsible for 2.2% of Climate Debt and 1.7% of Fossil CO2 Emissions 2016)

2017

The diagram below shows ‘Share of global Climate Debt‘ in 2010, 2015 and 2017 of Oman, Netherlands and Turkey (ranked 19th, 20th and 21st). The share Netherlands is decreasing steadily, whereas Turkey’s is increasing.

The following exposes the key-data in the Climate Debt calculations: Fossil CO2 Emissions, GDP, Environmental Performance, Ecological Footprint without carbon, Forest Cover, Primary Forests, Nuclear Power, Population trends and climate change financing. For comparison, Kazakhstan, Mexico and South Africa (ranked 22nd, 23rd and 24th in Share of global Climate Debt) are included in some diagrams.

The ‘Per capita Climate Debt‘ accumulated since 2000 of Oman, Netherlands and Turkey are $12,274, $3,190 and $654, respectively. The second diagram shows the trends between 2010 and 2017, with world average set at 100, for the three countries as well as of Kazakhstan, Mexico and South Africa. The per capita Climate Debt ranking by October 2017 is shown in brackets.

The next three diagrams show Fossil CO2 Emissions from fuels and industrial processes¹, in tons per capita in decades, of Oman, Netherlands and Turkey. The green bars show the Free Emission Level² – the exceedance is the basis for calculating the national Climate Debt. The grey bars are World emissions average.

CO2 Emissions data 1990-2016 (EDGAR) has been updated October 2017.

The three diagrams below show the per capita Fossil CO2 Emissions from fuels and industrial processes¹, annually since 2000, of the three countries. The green bars show the Free Emission Level². Oman’s emissions-growth is outrageous, while Netherlands’ reductions are just about non-existing.

The diagram below shows per capita GDP(ppp-$) of the six countries and the World average. The wealth of Netherlands is around 3.2 times greater than World average.

The next diagram shows the Relative Environmental Performance of Oman, Netherlands and Turkey, with an average country set at 100. [Added 25-1-2018: See the new ‘Environmental Performance Index 2018‘]

The average per capita Ecological Footprint without carbon, between 2000 and 2013, with an average World country set at 100, of Oman, Netherlands and Turkey are 113, 163 and 92, respectively. Release years are about four years after data years. Netherland’s Climate Debt would have been 4.7% smaller with World average footprint. Note that footprint calculation methods have changed over time. The latest and historic details from the source are available here: ‘Netherlands‘ and ‘Turkey‘ (data of Oman are missing at the site).

Forest Cover and the precious Primary Forests as percentage of total land area, in 1990 and 2015, are important indicators in ClimatePositions. Oman’s Forest Cover is nearby zero, while Turkeys grew from 12.5% to 15.2% of total land area. Primary Forests are zero (Oman and Netherlands), or insignificant (Turkey).

 

The per capita Nuclear Power generation 2000-2016 is shown below (the per capita ranking is shown in brackets). Only six Nuclear Power-countries³ were smaller per capita generators in 2016 than Netherlands, Argentina and China (see the diagram). In the calculation of Climate Debt, Nuclear Power must be phased out similar to Fossil Fuels, calculated as if Nuclear Power was oil-generated.

The diagrams below show Population density 2016 and growth between 2000 and 2016. The density in Netherlands is 7.5 times higher than World average. Oman’s Population growth is 7th highest in the World. The Populations of Oman, Netherlands and Turkey are about 4.4, 17 and 80 million, respectively.

Finally, the table below shows four key values of Oman, Netherlands, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Mexico and South Africa in the calculation of national Climate Debts in ClimatePositions. The price of CO2 per ton (column two) is for total Fossil CO2 Emission (without bunkers) and industrial processes. Climate change financing (column three) is from July 2017.


. Tons of CO2 Price per Climate change Financing as
. exceeded since ton CO2 financing share of
. 2000, per capita since 2000 per capita Climate Debt
. . . . .
Oman 200.42 $41.27 $0.00 0.00%
Netherlands 47.54 $18.48 $20.27 0.64%
Turkey 22.03 $9.55 $0.03 0.00%
Kazakhstan 86.01 $12.61 $0.00 0.00%
Mexico 16.27 $5.93 $0.16 0.04%
South Africa 43.2 $6.16 $0.11 0.01%

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¹Fossil CO2 Emissions include all anthropogenic emissions from Fossil Fuel (combustion and production) and from industrial processes (cement, steel, liming, urea and ammonia production or consumption). The uncertainty in Fossil CO2 emissions is below 5% for industrialized countries and below 15% for developing countries.CO2 Emissions from international shipping and aviation (bunkers) are not included.

²The Free Emission Level (green bars) is determined by national CO2 Emissions 1990-1999 (base), and 11 more ‘Indicators‘, of which 7 are national and 4 are global.

³Smallest per capita Nuclear Power generators 2016: Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Iran, India and Pakistan.

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Updated data and diagrams of all ‘Indicators‘ and all countries in ClimatePositions are available in the menu ‘Calculations (Excel)‘.
Data on Fossil CO2 Emissions (excluding international shipping and aviation) and industrial processes (cement, steel, liming, etc.) are from EDGAR (European Commission) (links in the menu Calculations / Sources & Links).
Information on national GDP(ppp-$) per capita: Worldbank (links in the menu Calculations / Sources & Links).
Source on Environmental Performance: Yale and Columbia University (links in the menu Calculations / Sources & Links).
Source on Ecological Footprint: Global Footprint Network (links in the menu Calculations / Sources & Links).
Data on national Forest Cover and Primary Forests are from United Nations UN (Report: Global Forest Resources Assessments) (links in the menu Calculations / Sources & Links).
Data on national Nuclear Power generation: World Nuclear Association (links in the menu Calculations / Sources & Links).
Data on national and global Populations is from Worldbank (links in the menu Calculations / Sources & Links).
PowerPoint collage with flags by Claus Andersen, 2017.

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